List and explain the various networking topologies.

A network topology refers to the physical
layout of the network in which all the devices are connected. This includes all
the hardware that makes up the network. The points of connection to the network
by the stations are called nodes or workstations.A number of possible network
topologies are available. The choice of network topology for installing a
computer network depends upon a combination of following factors:

·        
Desired performeace of
the system

·        
Desired reliability of
the entire system

·        
Size of the system

·        
Expendability of the
system

·        
cost of the components
and services required to implement the network

·        
Availability of
communication lines.

  A linear
bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. All
nodes are connected to the linear cable

A star topology is designed with each node
connected directly to a central network hub or conceentrator. Data on a star
network passes through the hub or concentrator before continuing to its
destination. The hub or concentrator manages and controls all function of the
network . It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

A star wired ring topology my appear to be the
same as a star topology. Internally, the MAU( multistation acces unit) of a
star wired ring contains wiring that allows information to pass from one device
to another in a circle or ring.

In a mesh topology, each computer on network has
redundant data paths. The mesh topology 
provides fault tolerance if a wire, hub , switch, or other component
fails, data can travel along an alternate path. A digram of a mesh network
looks like a fishing net.